Introduction
Java, the most populous island in Indonesia, is also the home of some of the oldest kingdoms in the country. These kingdoms have a rich history, culture, and tradition that has survived for centuries. In this article, we will take a journey through time and explore some of the oldest kingdoms in Java.
The Kingdom of Mataram
The Kingdom of Mataram was established around the 8th century AD and was located in Central Java. The kingdom was ruled by the Sailendra dynasty and was known for its impressive Buddhist temples, such as Borobudur and Prambanan. The kingdom reached its peak during the 9th century and declined in the 10th century due to political instability and natural disasters.
The Kingdom of Kediri
The Kingdom of Kediri was founded in the 11th century and was located in East Java. The kingdom was ruled by the Isyana dynasty and was known for its agricultural and maritime economy. The kingdom also had a strong literary tradition and produced some of the finest works in Old Javanese literature, such as Kakawin Bharatayuddha and Arjunawiwaha.
The Kingdom of Singhasari
The Kingdom of Singhasari was established in the 13th century and was located in East Java. The kingdom was ruled by the Rajasa dynasty and was known for its military prowess and cultural innovations. The kingdom was responsible for the construction of the famous Singhasari temple and the creation of the Kawi language, which became the literary language of Java for centuries.
The Kingdom of Majapahit
The Kingdom of Majapahit was founded in the 14th century and was located in East Java. The kingdom was ruled by the Rajasa dynasty and was known for its vast territory, maritime power, and cultural achievements. The kingdom was responsible for the construction of the magnificent Majapahit temple and the creation of the Nagarakretagama, a famous Javanese literary work that described the kingdom's society, economy, and culture.
The Legacy of the Oldest Kingdoms in Java
The oldest kingdoms in Java have left a lasting legacy that can still be seen in the island's culture, tradition, and identity. They have contributed to the development of Javanese language, literature, art, and architecture. They have also shaped the island's political and social landscape and influenced the formation of modern Indonesia. Today, the remnants of these kingdoms can be visited and admired by tourists and scholars alike.
Tips for Visiting the Oldest Kingdoms in Java
If you're planning to visit the oldest kingdoms in Java, here are some tips that might be useful:
- Choose the right time to visit, as the weather can be hot and humid in Java.
- Wear comfortable and modest clothing, as some of the temples and palaces have strict dress codes.
- Hire a local guide who can provide you with insights and information about the history and culture of the kingdoms.
- Respect the local customs and traditions, such as removing your shoes before entering a temple or palace.
- Take plenty of water and sunscreen, as the sun can be intense in Java.
Conclusion
The oldest kingdoms in Java are a testament to the island's rich and diverse history. They have survived for centuries and have contributed to the development of Javanese culture and identity. By visiting these kingdoms, we can learn more about their legacy and appreciate the beauty and complexity of the Javanese civilization.
